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the actual terms and conditions agreed in loan contracts – tightened moderately further for loans to firms and consumer credit, but eased for housing loans. For the first quarter of 2024, euro area banks expect further net tightening of credit standards on loans to firms and households.īanks’ overall terms and conditions – i.e. The net percentage of banks reporting a tightening moderated compared with the previous quarter across the three loan categories and was below the historical average for housing loans and loans to firms.

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Risk perceptions were a major driver of the tightening of credit standards for loans to firms and households, with lower risk tolerance also driving the tightening of credit standards for consumer credit. Banks also reported a further net tightening of their credit standards for loans to households, which was small for loans to households for house purchase and more pronounced for consumer credit and other lending to households (net percentages of 2% and 11% respectively). This adds to the substantial cumulative tightening since 2022, which has contributed – together with weak demand – to the strong fall in loan growth to firms. banks’ internal guidelines or loan approval criteria – for loans or credit lines to enterprises tightened further, albeit moderately, in the fourth quarter of 2023 (net percentage of banks of 4% Chart 1). Bank lending conditions tightened more in real estate and construction than in other sectorsĪccording to the January 2024 euro area bank lending survey (BLS), credit standards – i.e.Demand for loans by firms and households continued to decrease substantially, albeit less steeply than in the previous quarter.There was a moderate net further tightening in credit standards for loans to firms, with more tightening expected in the first quarter of 2024.